@conference {CBarr2021b,
	title = {Ultrasound Probe Pose Classification for Task Recognition in Central Venous Catheterization},
	booktitle = {43rd Conference of the IEEE Engineering Medicine and Biology Society},
	year = {2021},
	month = {10/2021},
	abstract = {<p>Central Line Tutor is a system that facilitates real-time feedback during training for central venous catheterization. One limitation of Central Line Tutor is its reliance on expensive, cumbersome electromagnetic tracking to facilitate various training aids, including ultrasound task identification and segmentation of neck vasculature. The purpose of this study is to validate deep learning methods for vessel segmentation and ultrasound pose classification in order to mitigate the system{\textquoteright}s reliance on electromagnetic tracking. A large dataset of segmented and classified ultrasound images was generated from participant data captured using Central Line Tutor. A U-Net architecture was used to perform vessel segmentation, while a shallow Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture was designed to classify the pose of the ultrasound probe. A second classifier architecture was also tested that used the U-Net output as the CNN input. The mean testing set Intersect over Union score for U-Net cross-validation was 0.746 {\textpm} 0.052. The mean test set classification accuracy for the CNN was 92.0\% {\textpm} 3.0, while the U-Net + CNN achieved 92.7\% {\textpm} 2.1\%. This study highlights the potential for deep learning on ultrasound images to replace the current electromagnetic tracking-based methods for vessel segmentation and ultrasound pose classification, and represents an important step towards removing the electromagnetic tracker altogether. Removing the need for an external tracking system would significantly reduce the cost of Central Line Tutor and make it far more accessible to the medical trainees that would benefit from it most.</p>
},
	author = {Colton Barr and R. Hisey and Tamas Ungi and Gabor Fichtinger}
}
