@article {Singh2007b,
	title = {Simultaneous integrated boost of biopsy proven and MRI defined dominant intra-prostatic lesions to 95 Gray with IMRT: early results of a phase I NCI study},
	journal = {Radiation Oncology},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {36},
	publisher = {Department of Radiation Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, USA singhanu@yahoo com},
	abstract = {<p>BACKGROUND: To assess the feasibility, early toxicity of selective, IMRT-based dose escalation (simultaneous integrated boost) to biopsy proven dominant intra-prostatic lesions visible on MRI METHODS: Patients with localized prostate cancer, an abnormality within the prostate on endorectal coil MRI were eligible All patients underwent a MRI-guided transrectal biopsy at the location of the MRI abnormality Gold fiducial markers were also placed Several days later patients underwent another MRI scan for fusion with the treatment planning CT scan This fused MRI scan was used to delineate the region of the biopsy proven intra-prostatic lesion A 3 mm expansion was performed on the intra-prostatic lesions, defined as a separate volume within the prostate The lesion + 3 mm, the remainder of the prostate + 7 mm received 94 5/75 6 Gray (Gy) respectively in 42 fractions Daily seed position was verified to be within 3 mm RESULTS: Three patients were treated Follow-up was 18, 6, and 3 months respectively Two patients had a single intra-prostatic lesion One patient had 2 intra-prostatic lesions All four intra-prostatic lesions, with margin, were successfully targeted, treated to 94 5 Gy Two patients experienced acute RTOG grade 2 genitourinary (GU) toxicity One had grade 1 gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity All symptoms completely resolved by 3 months One patient had no acute toxicity CONCLUSION: These early results demonstrate the feasibility of using IMRT for simultaneous integrated boost to biopsy proven dominant intra-prostatic lesions visible on MRI The treatment was well tolerated</p>
},
	keywords = {adverse effects/methods, Biopsy, epidemiology, epidemiology/radiotherapy, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Intensity-Modulated, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, National Cancer Institute (U S ), Patient Selection, Prostatic Neoplasms, Questionnaires, Radiotherapy, Radiotherapy Dosage, United States},
	doi = {10 1186/1748-717X-2-36},
	url = {http://dx doi org/10 1186/1748-717X-2-36},
	author = {Anurag K. Singh and Peter Guion and Nancy Sears-Crouse and Karen Ullman and Sharon Smith and Paul Albert and Gabor Fichtinger and Peter Choyke and Sheng Xu and Jochen Kruecker and Bradford Wood and Axel Krieger and Holly Ning}
}
@article {Jain2005e,
	title = {Matching and reconstruction of brachytherapy seeds using the Hungarian algorithm (MARSHAL)},
	journal = {Journal of Medical Physics},
	volume = {32},
	number = {11},
	year = {2005},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {3475{\textendash}3492},
	abstract = {<p>Intraoperative dosimetric quality assurance in prostate brachytherapy critically depends on discerning the three-dimensional (3D) locations of implanted seeds The ability to reconstruct the implanted seeds intraoperatively will allow us to make immediate provisions for dosimetric deviations from the optimal implant plan A method for seed reconstruction from segmented C-arm fluoroscopy images is proposed The 3D coordinates of the implanted seeds can be calculated upon resolving the correspondence of seeds in multiple x-ray images We formalize seed-matching as a combinatorial optimization problem, which has salient features: (a) extensively studied solutions by the computer science community; (b) proof for the nonexistence of any polynomial time exact algorithm;, (c) a practical pseudo-polynomial algorithm that mostly runs in O(N3) time using any number of images We prove that two images are insufficient to correctly match the seeds, while a third image renders the matching problem to be of nonpolynomial complexity We utilize the special structure of the problem, propose a pseudopolynomial time algorithm Using three presegmented images, matching, reconstruction of brachytherapy seeds using the Hungarian algorithm achieved complete matching in simulation experiments;, 98 5\% in phantom experiments 3D reconstruction error for correctly matched seeds has a mean of 0 63 mm, and 0 9 mm for incorrectly matched seeds The maximum seed reconstruction error in each implant was typically around 1 32 mm Both on synthetic data, in phantom experiments, matching rate, reconstruction error achieved using presegmented images was found to be sufficient for prostate brachytherapy The algorithm is extendable to deal with arbitrary number of images without any loss in speed or accuracy The algorithm is sufficiently generic to provide a practical solution to any correspondence problem, across different imaging modalities, features</p>
},
	keywords = {Algorithms, Automated, Brachytherapy, Calibration, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, Humans, Image Interpretation, Imaging, Male, methods, Models, Numerical Analysis, Pattern Recognition, Phantoms, Prostatic Neoplasms, Radiographic Image Enhancement, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Radiometry, Radiotherapy, Radiotherapy Dosage, Radiotherapy Planning, Reproducibility of Results, Statistical, Theoretical, Three-Dimensional, Time Factors, Ultrasonography},
	author = {Ameet K. Jain and Yu Zhou and Tabish Mustufa and E. Clif Burdette and Gregory Chirikjian and Gabor Fichtinger}
}
