@article {Singh2007a,
	title = {Patient selection determines the prostate cancer yield of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging-guided transrectal biopsies in a closed 3-Tesla scanner},
	journal = {British Journal of Urology international},
	volume = {101},
	number = {2},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {181{\textendash}185},
	publisher = {Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1642, USA Anurag Singh@RoswellPark org},
	abstract = {<p>OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cancer yield of transrectal prostate biopsies in a 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner in patients with elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels, recent negative transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsies PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between July 2004, November 2005, patients with at least one previous negative prostate biopsy within the previous 12 months had MRI-guided biopsy of the prostate in a 3-T MRI scanner Patients with previous positive biopsies for cancer were excluded Target selection was based on T2-weighted imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) imaging studies RESULTS: Thirteen patients were eligible; their median (range) age was 61 (47-74) years, PSA value 4 90 (1 3-12 3) ng/mL Most patients had one previous negative biopsy (range 1-4) Four patients had a family history of prostate cancer There were 37 distinct targets based on T2-weighted imaging Fifteen of 16 distinct DCE abnormalities were co-localized with a target based on T2-weighted imaging Despite this correlation, only one of 13 patients had a directed biopsy positive for cancer Including systematic biopsies, two of 13 patients had a biopsy positive for prostate cancer One patient had prostate intraepithelial neoplasia, one had atypical glands in the specimen CONCLUSION: The prostate-cancer yield of transrectal biopsies in a 3-T MRI scanner, among patients with recent negative TRUS-guided prostate biopsies, is similar to repeat systematic TRUS-guided biopsy DCE correlates with T2-imaging but does not appear to improve prostate cancer yield in this population</p>
},
	keywords = {Aged, Biopsy, blood, Cohort Studies, Contrast Media, diagnosis, Digital Rectal Examination, Humans, Interventional, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, methods, Middle Aged, Needle, pathology, Patient Selection, Predictive Value of Tests, Prostate, Prostate-Specific Antigen, Prostatic Neoplasms, Sensitivity, Specificity, standards, Ultrasonography},
	doi = {10 1111/j 1464-410X 2007 07219 x},
	url = {http://dx doi org/10 1111/j 1464-410X 2007 07219 x},
	author = {Anurag K. Singh and Axel Krieger and Jean-Baptiste Lattouf and Peter Guion and R.L. Grubb III and Paul Albert and Greg Metzger and Karen Ullman and Sharon Smith and Gabor Fichtinger and Iclal Ocak and Peter Choyke and Cynthia Menard and Jonathan Coleman}
}
@article {Singh2007b,
	title = {Simultaneous integrated boost of biopsy proven and MRI defined dominant intra-prostatic lesions to 95 Gray with IMRT: early results of a phase I NCI study},
	journal = {Radiation Oncology},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {36},
	publisher = {Department of Radiation Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, USA singhanu@yahoo com},
	abstract = {<p>BACKGROUND: To assess the feasibility, early toxicity of selective, IMRT-based dose escalation (simultaneous integrated boost) to biopsy proven dominant intra-prostatic lesions visible on MRI METHODS: Patients with localized prostate cancer, an abnormality within the prostate on endorectal coil MRI were eligible All patients underwent a MRI-guided transrectal biopsy at the location of the MRI abnormality Gold fiducial markers were also placed Several days later patients underwent another MRI scan for fusion with the treatment planning CT scan This fused MRI scan was used to delineate the region of the biopsy proven intra-prostatic lesion A 3 mm expansion was performed on the intra-prostatic lesions, defined as a separate volume within the prostate The lesion + 3 mm, the remainder of the prostate + 7 mm received 94 5/75 6 Gray (Gy) respectively in 42 fractions Daily seed position was verified to be within 3 mm RESULTS: Three patients were treated Follow-up was 18, 6, and 3 months respectively Two patients had a single intra-prostatic lesion One patient had 2 intra-prostatic lesions All four intra-prostatic lesions, with margin, were successfully targeted, treated to 94 5 Gy Two patients experienced acute RTOG grade 2 genitourinary (GU) toxicity One had grade 1 gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity All symptoms completely resolved by 3 months One patient had no acute toxicity CONCLUSION: These early results demonstrate the feasibility of using IMRT for simultaneous integrated boost to biopsy proven dominant intra-prostatic lesions visible on MRI The treatment was well tolerated</p>
},
	keywords = {adverse effects/methods, Biopsy, epidemiology, epidemiology/radiotherapy, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Intensity-Modulated, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, National Cancer Institute (U S ), Patient Selection, Prostatic Neoplasms, Questionnaires, Radiotherapy, Radiotherapy Dosage, United States},
	doi = {10 1186/1748-717X-2-36},
	url = {http://dx doi org/10 1186/1748-717X-2-36},
	author = {Anurag K. Singh and Peter Guion and Nancy Sears-Crouse and Karen Ullman and Sharon Smith and Paul Albert and Gabor Fichtinger and Peter Choyke and Sheng Xu and Jochen Kruecker and Bradford Wood and Axel Krieger and Holly Ning}
}
